Cell Genetics, Adaptation and Cell Injury
- Previous year questions on Cell Genetics, Adaptation and Cell Injury for NEET PG (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test - Postgraduate), from the Pathology section of the exam.
- Most questions here come from previous-year papers of Indian postgraduate medical entrance and licensing exams; where a paper and year are recorded the question carries them. The image-based questions are original vignettes written around an openly licensed figure, and were never asked in any exam.
- 62 live questions in Cell Genetics, Adaptation and Cell Injury.
- 2 of 62 questions carry a verified exam year: 2018, 2019.
- Pathology is worth about 25 of 300 questions on the exam. See every subject’s weightage.
- Question set last updated 6 Sept 2026.
Q1.All of the following statements are true regarding reversible cell injury except -
- AFormation of amorphous densities in the mitochondrial matrix✓ Correct answer
- BDiminished generation of adenosine triphosphate
- CFormation of blebs in the plasma membrane
- DDetachment of ribosomes from the granular endoplasmic reticulum
Q2.Which among the following ions is important in irreversible cell injury?
- ACalcium✓ Correct answer
- BSodium
- CPotassium
- DChloride
Q3.Myositis Ossificans is an example for:
- AMetaplasia✓ Correct answer
- BHyperplasia
- CHypertrophy
- DBoth hypertrophy and hyperplasia
Q4.Cloudy swelling is due to
- AAccumulation of water intracellularly✓ Correct answer
- BLysozyme degeneration
- CFat accumulation intracellularly
- DGlycogen accumulation
Q5.All the following are examples of atrophy Except
- ASkeletal muscle, following transection of its motor neuron
- BSkeletal muscles, following long-term immobilization of the broken extremity in a cast
- COvary following hypophysectomy
- DEndometrium following long-term administration of estrogen✓ Correct answer
Q6.All are features of reversible cell injury EXCEPT
- AER swelling
- BDense deposition of mitochondria✓ Correct answer
- CBleb
- DDetachment of ribosome
Q7.Increased functional demand on the heart produces increased size of the myocardium by:
- AHyperplasia
- BHypertrophy✓ Correct answer
- CCalcification
- DFatty infiltration
Q8.A 32-year-old woman with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus delivers a healthy boy at 38 weeks of gestation. As a result of maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy, pancreatic islets in the neonate would be expected to show which of the following morphologic responses to injury?
- AAtrophy
- BDysplasia
- CHyperplasia✓ Correct answer
- DMetaplasia
Q9.Free radical injury includes all except?
- ADamaged cell membranes
- BLoss of enzymatic activity
- CSingle strand break of DNA
- DVacuolar degeneration✓ Correct answer
Q10.In cell death, myelin bodies are derived from
- ARER
- BCell Membrane✓ Correct answer
- CCytoplasm
- DLysosome
Answer key
Q1: A. Formation of amorphous densities in the mitochondrial matrix; Q2: A. Calcium; Q3: A. Metaplasia; Q4: A. Accumulation of water intracellularly; Q5: D. Endometrium following long-term administration of estrogen; Q6: B. Dense deposition of mitochondria; Q7: B. Hypertrophy; Q8: C. Hyperplasia; Q9: D. Vacuolar degeneration; Q10: B. Cell Membrane.
Other topics in Pathology
- Necrosis and Apoptosis
- Intracellular Accumulations, Pathological Calcification and Cell Ageing
- The Acute Inflammatory Response
- Chemical Mediators and Granulomatous Inflammation
- Wound Healing and Tissue Repair
- Hemodynamic and Hemostatic Disorders
- Patterns of Inheritance
- Lysosomal and Glycogen Storage Disorders
- Chromosomal and Other Genetic Disorders
- Features and Epidemiology of Neoplasia
- Molecular Basis of Cancer and Tumour Immunity
- Carcinogenesis, Paraneoplastic Syndromes and Tumour Markers
- Cells and Organs of the Immune System
- Hypersensitivity Reactions and Autoimmune Disease
- Immunodeficiency Disorders
- Amyloidosis and Transplant Rejection
- Histopathology Techniques and Special Stains
- Microcytic Anemias
- Normocytic and Macrocytic Anemias
- Hemolysis Overview and Intravascular Hemolysis
- Extravascular Hemolytic Anemias
- G6PD Deficiency and Autoimmune Hemolysis
- Disorders of Platelets
- Disorders of the Coagulation Cascade
- Blood Components and Transfusion Reactions
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
- Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Overview
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Low Grade
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: High Grade
- Multiple Myeloma and Other Plasma Cell Neoplasms
- Myelodysplastic and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms and Histiocytosis
- White Cell Disorders and Lymphadenitis
- Atherosclerosis and Hypertensive Vascular Disease
- Aneurysms and Arterial Dissection
- Vasculitis
- Vascular Tumours
- Heart Failure and Ischemic Heart Disease
- Cardiomyopathies, Pericardial Disease and Cardiac Tumours
- Valvular and Congenital Heart Disease
- Rheumatic Fever and Endocardial Disease
- Diseases of the Glomerulus
- Tubulointerstitial, Vascular and Cystic Renal Disease
- Renal Tumours
- Pathology of the Lower Urinary Tract
- Pathology of the Female Genital Tract
- Pathology of the Male Genital Tract
- Infectious and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
- Metabolic and Autoimmune Liver Disease
- Tumours of the Liver and Biliary Tract
- Gallbladder and Pancreatic Disease
- Esophageal Pathology
- Gastric Pathology
- Small Bowel Pathology
- Large Bowel: Non-Neoplastic Disease
- Large Bowel: Neoplastic Disease
- Congenital Anomalies, ARDS and Lung Infections
- Obstructive and Restrictive Lung Disease
- Lung Tumours
- Pituitary, Parathyroid and Endocrine Pancreas
- Thyroid Gland Pathology
- Adrenal Gland Pathology
- Breast Pathology
- Bone: Developmental Disorders, Infections and Tumours
- Joint and Soft Tissue Pathology
- Dermatopathology
- CNS Infections and Cerebrovascular Disease
- Degenerative, Toxic and Metabolic CNS Disease
- Tumours of the CNS
- Peripheral Nerve and Neuromuscular Pathology